Reversible Figures

Reversible figures- This is an illusion in which the image can be inverted and have two distinct interpretations.

Phi Phenomenon

Phi Phenomenon- It is an optical illusion that causes the observer to see continuous motion when shown a series of still images.

Perception of Movement

Perception of Movement- This is how the speed and direction of an object is interpreted. It uses  visual, vestibular and proprioceptive inputs.

stroboscopic motion- the impression that one object is in motion because it is next to

another moving object

Rules of Perceptual Organization

Closure- Objects grouped together are seen as a whole.

The triangles grouped together in this picture are seen as a whole closure.

http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htm

Continuity- Lines are seen as following the smoothest path.

The dots seem to folllow the nlight blue path due to it's smoothness, and continuity.

http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htm

Similarity- Items that are similar seem to be grouped together.

The circles and dots are grouped seperatly due to their alikeness, and similarity.

http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htm

Proximity-Nearness In space, time or relationship

These sprees are in various PROXIMITIES to each other 

Figure-Ground perception- generally knows as seeing a picture in the negative space of a picture. 

(The most famous example is this:

http://psychology.about.com/od/findex/g/figure-ground-perception.htm

If you looks at the white part of the image, you see a vase, if you look at the black areas, you see two faces looking at eachother. 

Visual illusions

Visual illusions-  characterized by visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. 

 There are many types of visual illusions, 3 of them being:

• The Stepping feet
illusion (http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/mot-feetLin/index.html)

•the triangle puzzle (http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/ang-trianglePuzzle/index.html)

•the Moon illusion (http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/sze_moon/index.html)

These illusions each mess with perception in a different way. 

Perceptual Constancies

Size Constancy- Within a specific range a persons perception will not change, even if the distance or size of an object changes.

Brightness Constancy- An item is perceived as having a consistent light, but in reality the illumination or light varies; this all depends on the amount of light an object reflects onto surrounding objects.

                                                                                     

http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~plab/earlygroup/shape.htm

Shape constancy- perceiving a shape as the same shape, no matter if it's been distorted or the perpective has been changed.

Binocular Cues

Retinal Disparity- Binocular cue for depth perception; the brain compares images from both eyeballs to determine distance. If the difference between the two eyes is greater, the object is closer.

                                                      
 Convergence- Binocular cue for depth perception; how eyes come together inward when looking at an object. The greater the strain, the closer the object is.